The Histopathologoid

1. Irregular infiltration of glands associated with altered fibroblastic stroma (desmoplastic response), OR 2. Confluent glandular pattern (cribriform), OR 3. Extensive papillary pattern, OR 4. Severe cytologic atypia (grade 3)

Microabscess in placenta: Differentials include toxoplasmosis or listeriosis. GBS is associated with lymphocytic infiltration (if treated).

Autopsy exam is a necessity for a trainee anatomic pathologist to pass the final exam, but it is quite a pain to study for it.  I found some brief notes (and possible exam questions) to survive the exam. Assessment: History Gross findings Dissect all organs Make sure dissection area is clean. Cause of death and correlation. How does one diagnose pneumothorax on autopsy? Dissect out the circle of Willis. How to measure ventricular thickness. Answer: 1 cm below the atrioventricular valve How to differentiate between kidney abscess and pyonephrosis. Kidney abscess is usually located at the renal cortex. How to take swabs (from any sites) How to take blood samples. Answer: from femoral vein or right atrium. How to take urine sample. Answer: suprapubic Spleen may also show hyaline arteriosclerosis, like kidneys (hypertensive change). Renal papillary necrosis is common in diabetes mellitus. ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome) is a manifestation of ...

Lentigo maligna Basically, lentigo maligna has increase in melanocytes.  Morphologically, melanocytes has cytoplasmic halo while basal cells do not have halo.  However, melanocytes may pass melanin to basal cells, causing confusion.  Therefore to disprove lentigo maligna, one has to do S100 IHC stain. Junctional and compound naevus DO NOT DIAGNOSE IN ADULTS, therefore treat with suspicion. The differential here will be superficial melanoma or melanoma in situ.

Venous congestion is a feature of acute inflammation rather than chronic inflammation. HMWCK (CK5/6) will stain more for carcinoma if LMWCK (for example, CK MNF 116) unable to pick up for the carcinoma.

Foamy macrophages may be seen in FSGS (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis)

What clinical information is important in medical renal biopsy? Renal profile UFEME Antibody screen Urine protein or protein-creatinine index (PCI) Glomerular count